{"id":2010,"date":"2022-08-11T07:43:58","date_gmt":"2022-08-11T07:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lspt.or.id\/kajian\/?p=2010"},"modified":"2022-08-11T07:43:59","modified_gmt":"2022-08-11T07:43:59","slug":"sejarah-penamaan-bulan-suro-dalam-adat-jawa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lspt.or.id\/kajian\/sejarah-penamaan-bulan-suro-dalam-adat-jawa\/","title":{"rendered":"Sejarah Penamaan Bulan Suro dalam Adat Jawa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sejarah penamaan bulan Suro \u2013 bulan Muharram<\/a> bagi orang Jawa banyak yang belum mengetahui. Padahal, istilah ini tentunya taka sing lagi di pendengaran kita. Sebagai suku terbesar di Indonesia yang tersebar bahkan sampai ke luar nusantara, suku Jawa kaya akan tradisi dan kebudayaan. Ada bulan-bulan atau hari-hari tertentu pula yang dimulikan, salah satunya bulan Suro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keistimewaan bulan Suro ini tak lepas dari bertemunya adat istiadat leluhur dengan nilai-nilai agama (akulturasi), ketika Islam mulai masuk ke Jawa di abad ke-11. Bertemunya dua budaya ini kemudian melebur dan melahirkan ragam tradisi yang unik. Salah satunya yakni malam satu Suro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lantas, bagaimana sebenarnya sejarah penamaan bulan Suro ini?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Untuk penamaan bulan Suro <\/em>sendiri berasal dari kosa kata bahasa Arab yakni Asyura<\/em> (hari ke-10 bulan Muharram). Nah, berbicara tentang penanggalan Jawa sejatinya tak bisa lepas dari sistem kalender Islam tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eric Oey, dalam Java<\/em> (Tuttle Publishing, 2001), menjelaskan bahwa Sultan Agung (Raja Kerajaan Kesultanan Mataram) yang memerintah pada tahun 1613-1645, menerbitkan dekrit pada 8 Juli 1633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sebelumnya, perlu diketahui, pada saat Sultan Agung Anyakrakusuma bertahta di Mataram abad XVI Masehi, terdapat 3 unsur kalender budaya yang mendominasi. Yaitu Jawa\/ Kabudhan (solar system),<\/em> Hindu (solar system),<\/em> dan Islam (Hijriyah, Lunar Sytem). <\/em>Sementara di wilayah Barat\/ Sunda Kelapa dan sekitarnya sudah mulai dikuasai bangsa asing atau Belanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kembali pada dekrit tersebut, yang menjelaskan bahwa sistem penanggalan Jawa (Saka<\/em>, berasal dari sistem penanggalan Hindu) tak lagi memakai perputaran matahari (solar<\/em>) melainkan perputaran bulan (lunar<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dari peristiwa tersebutlah, tercipta akulturasi kebudayaan. Tahun Saka kala itu ialah 1555. Dan saat itu, akan tetap dipakai dan diteruskan. Alhasil, penanggalan Jawa baru berdasarkan sistem lunar ini tak ikut mengadopsi perhitungan Hijriyah saat itu (1043 H).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baca Juga :<\/strong> Tradisi Muslim Indonesia Pada Bulan Muharram<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Untuk memperkuat persatuan di wilayah Mataram guna melawan bangsa asing, Sultan Agung kemudian melakukan penyatuan kalender yang digunakan. Perubahan itu bertepatan dengan tanggal 1 Muharram 1043 Hijriyah, 29 Besar 1554 Saka, 8 Juli 1633 Masehi. Tanggal tersebut ditetapkan sebagai tanggal 1 bulan Suro tahun 1554 Jawa (Sultan Agungan), yang digunakan hingga sekarang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nama-nama bulannya pun juga ikut berubah. Seperti nama-nama pada bulan Hijriyah yang diadaptasi ke lidah Jawa. Diantaranya ialah Sapar (Safar), Mulud (Rabiul Awal), Bakda Mulud (Rabiul Akhir), Rejeb (Rajab), Pasa (Ramadan) dan Sawal (Syawal). Termasuk pula Sura atau Suro sebagai pengganti Muharram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karena akulturasi tersebut, yang kemudian mendorong Sultan Agung sebagai Raja waktu itu merubah sistem kalender Saka (perpaduan Jawa Asli dan Hindu), menjadi kalender yang merupakan perpaduan antara kalender Saka dan kalender Hijriah (Islam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wallahu a\u2019lam bissawab \u2026<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sejarah penamaan bulan Suro \u2013 bulan Muharram bagi orang Jawa banyak yang belum mengetahui. Padahal, istilah ini tentunya taka sing lagi di pendengaran kita. Sebagai suku terbesar di Indonesia yang tersebar bahkan sampai ke luar nusantara, suku Jawa kaya akan tradisi dan kebudayaan. Ada bulan-bulan atau hari-hari tertentu pula yang dimulikan, salah satunya bulan Suro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2012,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[179,178],"class_list":["post-2010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kisah","tag-sejarah-bulan-suro","tag-sejarah-penamaan-bulan-suro-dalam-adat-jawa"],"yoast_head":"\nSejarah Penamaan Bulan Suro dalam Adat Jawa - Kajian Islam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sejarah penamaan bulan Suro \u2013 bulan Muharram bagi orang Jawa banyak yang belum mengetahui. Padahal, istilah ini tentunya taka sing lagi di pendengaran kita. Sebagai suku terbesar di Indonesia yang tersebar bahkan sampai ke luar nusantara, suku Jawa kaya akan tradisi dan kebudayaan. 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