{"id":2453,"date":"2023-02-24T14:00:33","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T14:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lspt.or.id\/kajian\/?p=2453"},"modified":"2023-02-24T14:00:34","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T14:00:34","slug":"hukum-wakaf-menurut-empat-mazhab-fikih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lspt.or.id\/kajian\/hukum-wakaf-menurut-empat-mazhab-fikih\/","title":{"rendered":"Hukum Wakaf Menurut Empat Mazhab Fikih<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hukum wakaf menurut empat mazhab fikih \u2013 mazhab Imam Syafi\u2019i, Imam Maliki, Imam Hambali, dan imam Hanafi memiliki pandangan dan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Kendati demikian, kita tidak seharusnya saling menyalahkan karena perbedaan ini. Ada alasan yang melatarbelakangi menapa pandangan tiap imam mazhab berbeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pertama, mazhab Hanafiyah mengartikan wakaf sebagai menahan materi benda (al-\u2018ain) <\/em>milik Wakif <\/em>dan menyedekahkan atau mewakafkan manfaatnya kepada siapapun yang diinginkan untuk tujuan kebajikan (Ibnu al-Humam: 6\/203).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jadi yang timbul dari wakaf hanyalah \u201cmenyumbangkan manfaat\u201d. Karena itu, Mazhab Hanafi mendefinisan wakaf adalah: \u201cTidak melakukan suatu tindakan atas suatu benda yang berstatus tetap sebagai hak milik, dengan menyedekahkan manfaatnya kepada suatu pihak kebajikan (sosial), baik sekarang maupun akan datang\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kedua, Malikiyah berpendapat, bahwa wakaf adalah menjadikan manfaat suatu harta yang dimiliki (walaupun pemilikannya dengan cara sewa) untuk diberikan kepada orang yang berhak dengan satu akad (shighat) dalam jangka waktu tertentu sesuai dengan keinginan Wakif<\/em> (al-Dasuqi: 2\/187).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baca Juga :<\/strong> <strong>Keutamaan dan Manfaat Wakaf<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perbuatan wakif menjadikan manfaat hartanya untuk digunakan oleh mauquf alaih<\/em> (penerima manfaat wakaf), walaupun yang dimilikinya berbentuk upah atau menjadikan hasilnya untuk dapat digunakan seperti mewakafkan uang. Wakaf dilakukan dengan mengucapkan lafaz wakaf untuk masa tertentu sesuai dengan keinginan pemilik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dengan kata lain, pemilik harta menahan benda itu dari penggunaan secara pemilikan, tetapi membolehkan pemanfaatan hasilnya untuk tujuan kebaikan, yaitu pemberian manfaat benda secara wajar, sedangkan benda itu tetap menjadi milik wakif. Perwakafan itu berlaku untuk suatu masa tertentu, karenanya tidak boleh disyaratkan sebagai wakaf kekal (selamanya).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ketiga, Syafi\u2018iyah mengartikan wakaf dengan menahan atas suatu benda (harta) yang bisa memberi manfaat serta kekal materi bendanya (al-\u2018ain)<\/em> dengan cara memutuskan hak pengelolaan yang dimiliki oleh Wakif untuk diserahkan kepada Nazhir yang dibolehkan oleh syariah (al-Syarbini: 2\/376).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keempat, Hanabilah mendefinisikan wakaf dengan bahasa yang sederhana, yaitu menahan asal suatu benda atau harta (tanah) dan menyedekahkan manfaat yang dihasilkan (Ibnu Qudamah: 6\/185).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jika wakif wafat, harta yang diwakafkan tersebut tidak dapat diwarisi oleh ahli warisnya. Wakif menyalurkan manfaat harta yang diwakafkannya kepada mauquf \u2018alaih (penerima manfaat wakaf) sebagai sedekah yang mengikat, dimana wakif tidak dapat melarang penyaluran sumbangannya tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wallahu a\u2019lam bissawab \u2026<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hukum wakaf menurut empat mazhab fikih \u2013 mazhab Imam Syafi\u2019i, Imam Maliki, Imam Hambali, dan imam Hanafi memiliki pandangan dan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Kendati demikian, kita tidak seharusnya saling menyalahkan karena perbedaan ini. Ada alasan yang melatarbelakangi menapa pandangan tiap imam mazhab berbeda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,6],"tags":[326,437,238],"class_list":["post-2453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-akidah","category-hukum-islam","tag-hukum-wakaf","tag-hukum-wakaf-menurut-empat-mazhab-fikih","tag-wakaf"],"yoast_head":"\nHukum Wakaf Menurut Empat Mazhab Fikih - Kajian Islam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hukum wakaf menurut empat mazhab fikih \u2013 mazhab Imam Syafi\u2019i, Imam Maliki, Imam Hambali, dan imam Hanafi memiliki pandangan dan karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Kendati demikian, kita tidak seharusnya saling menyalahkan karena perbedaan ini. 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